Переводчик Рыкунова Ольга Владимировна

Ancient Rome is one of the leader civilizations of the ancient world, the greatest State of the Antic Period. It got his name after the main city Rome which was named after the legend founder Romule. The centre of rome formed within the boggy plane, limited by Capitol, Palatine and Crivinal. The definite influence on the formation of the ancient rome civilization exerted the cultures of etruski and ancient Greeks. The Ancient rome reached the spike of its power in the II century b.c., when the space from the modern England which is situated on the north from Ephiopia to the south on Iran on the east to Portugal on the west turned out under its control. Ancient rome gave the world such things as roman law, some of the architectural forms and decisions( for example arch and dome) and many of the other novations ( for example wheel water mills). The Christianity as a religion was born on the territory of Roman empire. The official language of the ancient roman state was latin. The religion during was mostly politeistic, the unofficial arm of the empire was the golden eagle, after taking Christianity appeared labarums( the flag, which was placed by the empreror Constantin for his forces) with hreezma( the monogram of Iisus The Christ – the crossed letters Hi and Ro).

The Byzantine took the Roman concept of the guardianship without any changes. The main tasks of the guardian were supervision of the child’s property and the organization of his marriage. The requirement for an adult man to protect the orphanage’s rights is already mentioned in the legislations of the twelve tables. (about 450 b.c.). Gradually the requirenments for guardians and the sphere of their responsibility became more complicated. In the I century b.c. Servii Sylpitsi Ryf gave the definition of the guardianship according to which guardian was the protective power of the guardian over the independent man who was too young to protect himself. On the III century the legislation, pertinent to the guardianship became very vast branch of the Roman law, which takes simplification according to the view of the classical jurists. Nevertheless, the formula of Sulpitsi was used by Paul without changes, and then in the institutes of Ustinian, The prohirone of the empreror Basel the I(867-886) and in the “sixbooks” of Armenopula. The guardianship could be established or by the testatement either by the appotment between the relatives, so as the men or women. The legislation of the guardianship was given to the widows, who didn’t marry again by Pheodoici the I, then this law was spread to the grandmothers by the Ustinian the I. The sexual connection between the guardian and the under wardship was categorically forbidden.