Переводчик Ибрагимов Зокиржон Маткаримович

Application
Construction of overhead lines with pole-mounted package transformer substations will allow increasing the power transfer capacity and the possibility of technological connection of new power customers in expanding residential areas.
In fact, such equipment will enable our republic to develop the power distribution network over its territory without limit.
In addition, usage of pole-mounted package transformer substations will improve electrical safety, since the live parts of the equipment are insulated and environmentally protected due to application of self-supporting insulated wires (SSIW).
Their practical application will allow solving the following problems reducing:
- reducing the number of emergency shutoffs of electric power supply to its customers;
- reducing electric power losses in 0.4-6-10 kV power supply network down to standard values;
- reducing electric power losses in sealed power transformers of TMG 10(6)/0.4 kV type by up to 20%;
- increasing rated service life of power supply network facilities from 25 up to 30-40 years;
- reducing up to 30% of the construction cost of 10/0.4 kV transformer substations due to the use of pole-mounted transformer substations;
- reducing up to 20% of the construction cost of 1 km of 0.4 kV line with insulated wires from KTPM.1S (in Russian: КТПМ.1С) type pole-mounted package transformer substations to power customers;
- reducing up to 80% of the operation cost of power supply networks during their standard service time;
- reducing up to 10% of 0.4 kV network construction volume due to making the substations closer to customers and up to 37% due to joint suspension of 0.4 kV wires on 10 kV towers in populated areas;
- reducing up to 75% of the annual operation cost of 6-10 kV lines due to suspension of self-supporting insulated wires on the insulators instead of conventional aluminum and steel wires in populated areas.
Initial experience of the operation of pole-mounted transformer substations has shown that their use is upcoming trend in the development of 0.4-10 kV power distribution networks. Pole-mounted transformer substations will be used in the reconstruction and construction of new 0.4 kV networks.

The Company applies the Integrated Quality and Environmental Management System (hereinafter referred to as “IMS”) for the purpose of full satisfaction of customer needs, reduction of adverse environmental impact, creation of safe working conditions, and improvement of the company management system.
The Integrated System includes two management systems, quality management and environmental management, and is based on the requirements of the International Standards ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004.
The Integrated Quality and Environmental Management System is interrelated with all types of the Company activity, covers all the stages of product life cycle and all of its established processes, from initial identification of market demands to complete satisfaction of the current and expected needs of customers.

Flat-panel solar arrays absorb solar energy and transform it into thermal one, whereupon the heat is transmitted through the heat exchanger located in the boiler to hygienically clean water intended for daily living needs.
The water pressure in the boiler is produced by means of the system of general cold water supply to living houses and working areas. The cold water is supplied to the boiler through an electromagnetic valve operated by a controller to the extent that the water is used. In the closed loop of the flat-panel system, antifreeze is used as a heat-transfer agent; this eliminates freezing of the heat-transfer agent in the solar array at negative temperature in wintertime.
The system successfully operates at a temperature of minus 50º C (with appropriate antifreeze used). In the upper part of the boiler, an additional heat exchanger is located, to which a building heating system is connected. The third heat exchanger located in the boiler is a tubular electric heating element with a power of 3 kW (220 V, 50 Hz); it is operated by means of a controller (control unit) and goes on when the water temperature in the boiler drops below the preset one. The boiler is equipped with pressure and temperature sensors installed on the controller.
In the closed heating and solar array loops, 0.5-1.75 kW centrifugal pumps (220 V, 50 Hz) are built in to ensure heat-transfer agent circulation. The pumps are operated by the controller. An additional heat exchanger can be built in the boiler instead of the tubular electric heating element in order to heat water from other heat sources (geyser, coal combustion furnace, etc.). A soluble electrode of special-property alloy is embedded in the boiler to soften the water and prevent scaling therein. The system is fully autonomous; it is supplied complete in sets.

Duty of water (or water duty), or hydromodulus (the term coined from the Greek hydro “water” and the Latin modulus “measure”), means the average water consumption by a cropped hectare for a certain period, i.e. specific water consumption. Water duty (q) is expressed in l/s per hectare. There are duty of water consumption (q'), water consumption per hectare without including water losses in the irrigation network, and duty of water supply (q''), water consumption with account for the water losses in the irrigation network. At a water application rate T (m3/ha), water application period t (days), and twenty-four-hour water application, we obtain as follows:

If the irrigation system efficiency during the period t is equal to h, then

If the area of the irrigated site w (ha) and water duty are known, the one can determine quantity of water consumption by the site (net Q') and the quantity of water supply (gross Q") to the head part of the irrigation system for the period t as follows:
Q' = w • q' (l/s); Q" = w • q" (l/s).
When sowing a few types of crop on an irrigated site, occupying, respectively, a1, a2, ..., ai percent of the site area, we obtain the following:

In the similar manner, we determine the values q"1, Q'1, Q"1, i.e. the values q", Q', Q" are multiplied by . When irrigating several crop types, their water duties are summarized.

Wetlands are taken to mean areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres (Article 1.1 of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, 1971).
Inundated (waterlogged) lands can be developed under the influence of various factors, as such lands are located in depressions, and rain and other runoffs regularly fill those. Some of inundated areas are located practically at the same level as groundwater and are fed from below. Other types of inundated lands are located near to rivers or other water bodies which always overflow. In coastal zones, those are filled due to occurring flood tides.
Some inundated lands are formed because of minor external effects. So, beavers turn depressions into swamps or sections of woodland into waterlogged areas by constructing dams in streams. People also make lands wet. For example, an organization engaged in improving the condition of wildlife can make certain areas inundated to create habitat for fish and wildlife.
There are many types of swamps, marshes, overflow lands, and other inundated lands. And all of inundated lands have a series of features that distinguish them from other habitats. The majority of ecologists define inundated lands as areas the soil of which becomes waterlogged, at least periodically, or the surface of which is covered with water sustaining the life of plants and animals adapted to living in aquatic environment.